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BIOGEOGRAPHY
Recent studies suggest that Podostemoideae diversified first in America and migrated to Africa and then to Asia, while Tristichoideae diversified first in Asia, and a single species appeared in Africa and then migrated to America (Kita & Kato, 2003; Kato, 2006, in press).
Histrical biogeography of Podostemaceae
![](images/map/1pod.jpg)
Distribution of Dalzellia (dots), Indodalzellia (circle), and Indotristicha (circle)
![](images/map/2dalzellia.jpg)
Distribution of Cussetia (stars) and Terniopsis (circles and dots)
![](images/map/3terniopsiscussetia.jpg)
Distribution of Cladopus (circles and dots) and Paracladopus (star)
![](images/map/4cladopusparacladopus.jpg)
Distribution of Diplobryum (asterisks), Hanseniella (squares), Hydrobryum (circles and dots), and Thawatchaia (star)
![](images/map/5hydrobryumthawathansen.jpg)
Distribution of Polypleurum
![](images/map/6polypleurum.jpg)