SERRANIDAE Epinephelus coioides, 6.3 cm SL (photo by Koichi Shibukawa) Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) Orange-spotted Grouper D XI, 13-16; A III, 8; P1 18-20; LLp 58-65; GR 8-10 + 14-17. Body elongate, the depth 2.9-3.7 in SL, and not very compressed; preopercle with enlarged serrae at angle. Scales on body ctenoid except for a zone on back, thorax, abdomen, and a zone above base of anal fin narrowing to caudal peduncle; anterior lateral line scales of adults branched. Color: head and body gray-brownish dorsally, shading to whitish ventrally, with numerous small brownish orange or reddish brown spots on head, body, and median fins; body with 5 faint, irregular, oblique, dark bars which bifurcate ventrally. Size: maximum length at least 95 cm. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South Africa eastward to Palau and Fiji, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia. Remarks: small individuals closely resemble E. tauvina and E. malabaricus, but have orange spots and lack hexagonal spots on the fins.(Ukkrit Satapoomin)